![]() The object depicted is a DualShock video game controller. Aerosol stencils "Happy 1984" - Stencil graffiti found on the Berlin Wall in 2005. Pochoir was frequently used to create prints of intense color and is most often associated with Art Nouveau and Art Deco design. To produce detail, a collotype could be produced which the colors were then stenciled over. In the pochoir process, a print with the outlines of the design was produced, and a series of stencils were used through which areas of color were applied by hand to the page. When stencils are used in this way they are often called "pochoir". Low wages contributed to the popularity of the highly labor-intensive process. Stencils were popular as a method of book illustration, and for that purpose, the technique was at its height of popularity in France during the 1920s when André Marty, Jean Saudé and many other studios in Paris specialized in the technique. Stencils were used for mass publications, as the type did not have to be hand-written. This was especially the case with playing-cards, which continued to be colored by stencil long after most other subjects for prints were left in black and white. In Europe, from about 1450 they were commonly used to color old master prints printed in black and white, usually woodcuts. ![]() Stencils may have been used to color cloth for a very long time the technique probably reached its peak of sophistication in Katazome and other techniques used on silks for clothes during the Edo period in Japan. After that stenciling has been used as a historic painting technique on all kinds of materials. Hand stencils, made by blowing pigment over a hand held against a wall, are found from over 35,000 years ago in Asia and Europe, and later prehistoric dates in other continents. History Prehistoric hand stencils, Cueva de las Manos in Argentina Multiple layers of stencils are used on the same surface to produce multi-colored images. During screen printing and mimeography, the images for stenciling are broken down into color layers. Stencils can be made with one or many colour layers using different techniques, with most stencils designed to be applied as solid colours. The masters from which mimeographed pages are printed are often called "stencils". Screen printing also uses a stencil process, as does mimeography. The artist sprayed pigment around his hand by using a hollow bone, blown by mouth to direct a stream of pigment. This technique was used in cave paintings dating to 10,000 BC, where human hands were used in painting handprint outlines among paintings of animals and other objects. A related technique (which has found applicability in some surrealist compositions) is aerography, in which spray-painting is done around a three-dimensional object to create a negative of the object instead of a positive of a stencil design. Stencil technique in visual art is also referred to as pochoir. With some designs, this is done by connecting stencil islands (sections of material that are inside cut-out "holes" in the stencil) to other parts of the stencil with bridges (narrow sections of material that are not cut out). To be reusable, they must remain intact after a design is produced and the stencil is removed from the work surface. ![]() Although aerosol or painting stencils can be made for one-time use, typically they are made with the intention of being reused. The key advantage of a stencil is that it can be reused to repeatedly and rapidly produce the same letters or design. In practice, the (object) stencil is usually a thin sheet of material, such as paper, plastic, wood or metal, with letters or a design cut from it, used to produce the letters or design on an underlying surface by applying pigment through the cut-out holes in the material. The stencil is both the resulting image or pattern and the intermediate object the context in which stencil is used makes clear which meaning is intended. ![]() The holes allow the pigment to reach only some parts of the surface creating the design. Stencilling produces an image or pattern on a surface by applying pigment to a surface through an intermediate object, with designed holes in the intermediate object. Parts of a stencil Stenciled warning sign in Singapore Stencilled Gaelic type Japanese Ise-katagami stencil for printing textiles For other uses, see Stencil (disambiguation).
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